Dermatology

A

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis - Initial Management

  Identify and avoid allergens, use topical corticosteroid for localized disease, consider short systemic steroid burst for severe widespread involvement, and refer for patch testing when recurrent.
• Alopecia Areata — Evaluation & Treatment

  Autoimmune non‑scarring hair loss. Treat limited disease with intralesional steroids; consider topical immunotherapy and emerging JAK inhibitors for extensive disease; screen for associated autoimmune disease selectively.

B

• Bullous Pemphigoid - Acute Flare and ED Management

  Tense pruritic bullae in older adults; avoid debridement, treat secondary infection, start high potency topical corticosteroid for localized disease or systemic prednisone when extensive, and ensure dermatology follow up.
• Bullous Pemphigoid — Diagnosis & Treatment

  Autoimmune subepidermal blistering in older adults; tense pruritic bullae. Diagnose with biopsy and DIF (linear IgG/C3 at BMZ). Treat with potent topical steroids or systemic therapy; manage pruritus and infections.

D

• Dermatographism & Physical Urticarias — Diagnosis & Treatment

  Inducible urticarias (dermatographism, cholinergic, cold, pressure). Identify triggers and use high‑dose second‑generation antihistamines; escalate to omalizumab or cyclosporine for refractory cases; educate on anaphylaxis risk in cold urticaria.
• DRESS Syndrome - Initial Management

  Recognize rash with facial edema, eosinophilia, and systemic involvement; stop the offending drug, evaluate organs, and give systemic corticosteroid for significant organ disease.

E

• Eczema Herpeticum - Urgent Management

  Disseminated HSV in patients with dermatitis is a dermatologic emergency; start systemic acyclovir, obtain viral testing, evaluate for bacterial superinfection, and admit if severe.
• Erythroderma - Emergency Evaluation

  Diffuse erythema and scaling can cause fluid, protein, and heat loss; stabilize, identify the cause, and prevent complications.

H

• Herpes Zoster - Antiviral Therapy

  Start oral antiviral within 72 hours of rash onset or later if new lesions are appearing or eye or ear is involved; provide pain control and ophthalmology referral for ocular involvement.
• Hidradenitis Suppurativa - Acute Flare

  Manage painful nodules and abscesses with analgesia, intralesional steroid, short antibiotic courses when infected, and selective incision and drainage or deroofing.
• Hirsutism — Evaluation & Treatment

  Assess androgen excess and rule out serious causes; most cases due to PCOS. Treat with combined oral contraceptives and antiandrogens (spironolactone) with reliable contraception; add cosmetic hair removal methods.

I

• Impetigo - ED Treatment

  Localized non bullous impetigo is treated with topical therapy, while more widespread disease needs oral antibiotics targeting common pathogens and local resistance patterns.

L

• Lichen Planus — Cutaneous & Mucosal Management

  Inflammatory condition affecting skin, oral/genital mucosa, nails. Diagnose clinically and with biopsy when uncertain; treat with high‑potency topical steroids; systemic therapy for extensive or erosive disease; screen for hepatitis C.

N

• Nail Disorders — Onycholysis, Paronychia, and Psoriatic Nail

  Common nail disorders require etiology‑specific care: avoid moisture/trauma for paronychia; treat infections; manage psoriatic nail disease with topical/systemic therapy; correct underlying causes of onycholysis.

P

• Pemphigus Vulgaris — Diagnosis & Treatment

  Autoimmune intraepidermal blistering with mucosal involvement. Diagnosis by biopsy showing acantholysis and DIF with intercellular IgG; treat with systemic steroids plus rituximab as first‑line.
• Photosensitivity Disorders — Workup & Counseling

  Differentiate phototoxic vs photoallergic reactions and specific photosensitive diseases (LE, PCT). Workup includes detailed drug/sun exposure history and targeted labs. Emphasize broad‑spectrum sun protection and trigger management.

S

• Scabies - Diagnosis and Treatment

  Intense pruritus worse at night with burrows; treat with permethrin 5 percent cream or oral ivermectin when appropriate, treat close contacts, and manage post scabetic itch.
• Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and TEN — Initial Management

  Severe mucocutaneous reaction requiring immediate cessation of culprit drug, burn-level supportive care, and early transfer to experienced center; consider immunomodulatory therapy per protocol.

T

• Tinea Capitis & Tinea Corporis — Diagnosis & Therapy

  Dermatophyte infections: tinea capitis requires systemic therapy; tinea corporis often topical. Diagnose with KOH prep or culture; consider kerion and household transmission.
• Tinea Capitis - Pediatric Management

  Requires systemic antifungal therapy; choose oral griseofulvin or terbinafine based on organism and age, and use antifungal shampoos to reduce transmission.
• Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis — Immediate Drug Withdrawal, Burn‑Unit Care, and Immunomodulators

  Life‑threatening epidermal necrosis usually triggered by medications. Stop culprit drug, admit to burn/ICU, apply SCORTEN for prognosis, and provide meticulous wound, fluid, and infection care. Consider cyclosporine or etanercept in selected cases; IVIG evidence mixed.

V

• Vitiligo — Diagnosis & Repigmentation Therapies

  Autoimmune depigmentation with loss of melanocytes. Combine topical therapies with NB‑UVB; consider systemic JAK inhibitors in select; address psychosocial impact and sun protection.