Vascular Surgery

A

• Acute Limb Ischemia — Diagnosis and Revascularization

  Sudden limb threat with pain, pallor, pulselessness, poikilothermia, paresthesia, and paralysis; start heparin, obtain urgent vascular imaging, and move quickly to revascularization.
• Acute Mesenteric Ischemia - Arterial Revascularization

  Severe abdominal pain out of proportion with metabolic acidosis suggests mesenteric ischemia; start anticoagulation, broad antibiotics, CTA, and urgent revascularization with assessment of bowel viability.
• Aortoenteric Fistula - GI Bleeding Diagnosis and Management

  Life threatening upper GI bleeding with history of aortic graft or aneurysm should raise suspicion; resuscitate, give broad antibiotics, obtain CTA, and proceed to urgent operative or endovascular control with infection management.
• Arteriovenous Access Thrombosis - Endovascular and Surgical Salvage

  Rapid restoration of patency improves dialysis adequacy; choose pharmacomechanical thrombectomy with angioplasty of underlying stenosis or surgical revision when indicated.

C

• Carotid Endarterectomy After Stroke or TIA - Timing and Patient Selection

  For symptomatic carotid stenosis, optimize medical therapy and offer endarterectomy within days to two weeks when anatomy and perioperative risk are appropriate; consider stenting in select cases.
• Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia - Revascularization and Wound Plan

  Combine prompt revascularization with wound care, infection control, and offloading to prevent amputation; choose vein bypass or endovascular based on anatomy and patient risk.

D

• Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management

  Hand ischemia from arteriovenous access requires rapid assessment; treat by flow reduction or distal revascularization techniques while preserving access when possible.

E

• EVAR Endoleaks - Types, Detection, and Management

  Surveillance after EVAR focuses on detecting endoleaks. Treat type I and III urgently, consider intervention for persistent type II with sac growth, and observe type IV and endotension per protocol.

P

• Popliteal Aneurysm - Thrombosis and Embolization Management

  Acute limb ischemia from popliteal aneurysm thrombosis or embolization requires urgent revascularization and often aneurysm exclusion or bypass.

R

• Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Resuscitation and Transfer

  Suspect in older patient with hypotension and back or abdominal pain. Use permissive hypotension, massive transfusion, rapid imaging if stable, and expedite to endovascular or open repair.

T

• Type B Aortic Dissection - Blood Pressure Control and TEVAR Indications

  Start aggressive heart rate and blood pressure control with pain management; consider TEVAR for complicated disease such as malperfusion, rupture, refractory pain, or hypertension.