Radiology

A

• Acute Cholecystitis - Imaging with Ultrasound and HIDA

  Use right upper quadrant ultrasound as first line; when equivocal, consider HIDA scan or CT based on acuity and alternate diagnoses.
• Acute Ischemic Stroke - Noncontrast CT, CTA, and CT Perfusion

  Rapid noncontrast CT excludes hemorrhage; CTA identifies large vessel occlusion; CT perfusion or MRI can select candidates for extended window thrombectomy.
• Adnexal Mass - Ultrasound O RADS Based Management

  Classify adnexal masses using O RADS ultrasound features to guide follow up versus referral and surgery.
• Adult Minor Head Injury - CT Decision Rules

  Use validated rules such as Canadian CT Head Rule or New Orleans to decide on head CT, balancing hemorrhage detection with radiation risk.
• Appendicitis - Imaging in Adults and Children

  Use ultrasound first in children and young adults, reserve CT when ultrasound is nondiagnostic, and consider MRI when avoiding radiation.

B

• Breast Imaging - BI RADS Assessment and Recommendations

  Use BI RADS categories with clear management, ensure concordance with pathology, and provide structured lay and clinician reports.

C

• Cervical Spine Trauma - Imaging with NEXUS or Canadian Rules

  Use NEXUS or Canadian C spine rule to select patients for imaging, prefer CT over plain radiographs in adults, and ensure full coverage through cervicothoracic junction.
• CT Perfusion in Stroke — Basics for Clinicians

  CTP estimates infarct core vs penumbra to guide thrombectomy and thrombolysis beyond standard windows; interpret in context with CTA/NCCT and clinical exam.

H

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Imaging and LI RADS Surveillance

  Use ultrasound surveillance in at risk populations and apply LI RADS categories on CT or MRI to standardize reporting and management of liver lesions.

I

• Incidental Pulmonary Nodule - CT Follow Up per Fleischner

  Apply Fleischner Society recommendations by size, number, and risk factors to set CT follow up intervals and avoid over imaging.
• Iodinated Contrast Allergy - Premedication and Alternatives

  For prior immediate contrast reactions, use shared decision making, consider noncontrast or alternate imaging, and if proceeding use an evidence based premedication protocol with emergency readiness.

L

• LI‑RADS — HCC Imaging & Reporting

  Standardizes imaging for HCC in high‑risk patients using LR‑1 to LR‑5, LR‑M, LR‑TIV. Major features include arterial phase hyperenhancement, washout, capsule, size, and growth.
• Lung‑RADS — Low‑Dose CT Screening Interpretation

  Standardizes LDCT lung cancer screening results; guides follow‑up based on nodule size, type, and growth.

M

• MRI Conditional Implants - Safety Screening and Protocol

  Use a rigorous screening process for implanted devices, verify conditional parameters, program devices as required, and monitor continuously during MRI.
• MRI Safety — Implants & Devices

  Assess implant/device MR labeling (MR Safe/Conditional/Unsafe), field strength, SAR, and device‑specific conditions; involve MR safety officers; avoid scanning unknown or unsafe devices.
• MSK Ultrasound — Rotator Cuff & Achilles Tendon

  Point‑of‑care and diagnostic MSK US for rotator cuff and Achilles: standardized scanning planes, dynamic maneuvers, and avoidance of anisotropy improve accuracy.

O

• O‑RADS — Ovarian/Adnexal US Risk Stratification

  O‑RADS US categorizes adnexal masses by malignancy risk to guide follow‑up and referral to gynecologic oncology when indicated.

P

• Pancreatic Cyst - Imaging Reporting and Management

  Use standardized reporting to describe size, morphology, and high risk features; apply guideline based intervals and referral for endoscopic evaluation when indicated.
• Pediatric Imaging — Radiation Dose Considerations

  Apply ALARA: justify imaging, prefer US/MRI when appropriate, and tailor CT protocols by weight/size to minimize radiation while preserving diagnostic quality.
• PI‑RADS — Prostate MRI Basics

  PI‑RADS v2.1 scores lesions 1–5, emphasizing DWI for peripheral zone and T2 for transition zone; targeted biopsy recommended for PI‑RADS ≥3–4 depending on risk.
• POCUS Aorta — AAA Screening & Measurement

  Bedside US screens for AAA ≥3.0 cm; measure outer‑to‑outer wall in AP dimension; scan diaphragm to bifurcation; recognize pitfalls.
• POCUS DVT — Compression Technique & Pitfalls

  Two‑ or three‑point compression ultrasound detects proximal DVT at the CFV, FV, and popliteal veins; know pitfalls and when to obtain full duplex.
• Post Contrast AKI - Risk Assessment and Hydration

  Estimate kidney risk, avoid unnecessary iodinated contrast, use lowest dose and iso or low osmolar agents, and provide peri procedure isotonic hydration when indicated.
• Pulmonary Embolism - Imaging Algorithm with CTPA or VQ

  Use pretest probability and D dimer to select CTPA versus VQ scanning; tailor to pregnancy, renal function, and contrast allergy.

R

• Renal Colic - Ultrasound First, CT When Necessary

  For suspected renal colic, use ultrasound first to reduce radiation; reserve low dose noncontrast CT for unclear cases or complications.

S

• Superior Vena Cava Syndrome — Oncologic Emergency, Stenting, and Tissue Diagnosis

  Dyspnea, facial and upper‑extremity swelling, and venous distension from malignant obstruction are classic. Assess airway and hemodynamics; obtain tissue diagnosis before radiation when feasible. Endovascular stenting offers rapid relief; adjunct steroids are disease‑specific (e.g., lymphoma).
• Suspected Osteomyelitis - Imaging with MRI Preferred

  Use MRI with contrast when possible to detect marrow edema and abscess; use radiographs first for baseline and hardware assessment; tailor CT or nuclear medicine when MRI contraindicated.

T

• Thyroid Nodule - Ultrasound TI RADS Based Management

  Use TI RADS points to categorize thyroid nodules and recommend fine needle aspiration or follow up based on size thresholds.